5 Kingdoms of biology

7 topics across 6 chapters

Chapter 1

Historical background and rationale of the five-kingdom system (Whittaker) — classification principles

Chapter 2

Kingdom Monera: structure, diversity, metabolism, reproduction, and ecological roles (bacteria & cyanobacteria)

Chapter 3

Kingdom Protista: major groups, cellular organization, nutrition, life cycles, and representative examples

Chapter 4

Kingdom Fungi: morphology, nutrition (saprotrophy, parasitism, symbiosis), reproduction, and ecological importance

Chapter 5

Kingdom Plantae and Kingdom Animalia: key characteristics, major phyla/divisions, life cycles, and examples

Chapter 6

Comparisons, exceptions, classification methods (morphology, biochemistry, molecular phylogeny) and modern alternatives (three-domain system)