10
Research questions, hypotheses, and units of analysis
11
Ethics & human subjects research
3 subtopics
12
Informed consent, risk, and minimizing harm
13
Privacy, confidentiality, and data security
14
IRB process, research integrity, and misconduct
15
Measurement & operationalization
3 subtopics
16
Operationalization workflow (concept → construct → variable → measure)
17
Survey and questionnaire design basics
18
Coding schemes and codebooks (variables, labels, decisions)
↗ Validity, reliability, and generalizability (see Chapter 1)
19
Sampling strategies
3 subtopics
20
Probability sampling (random, stratified, cluster)
21
Non-probability sampling (convenience, purposive, snowball) and bias
22
Power analysis and sample size planning
23
Study designs
3 subtopics
24
Experiments and randomized controlled trials (RCTs)
25
Quasi-experiments and natural experiments
26
Observational, cross-sectional, and longitudinal designs
27
Causal inference basics
3 subtopics
28
Confounding, selection bias, and control strategies
29
Causal diagrams (DAGs) to encode assumptions
30
Identification assumptions (counterfactuals, exchangeability, SUTVA)