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Double entry system
100 topics across 7 chapters
Chapter 1
Fundamentals of double-entry bookkeeping
1
Accounting equation and transaction effects
2 subtopics
2
Assets, liabilities, and equity (what they mean operationally)
3
Transaction analysis: keeping the equation balanced
4
Debits and credits (rules and intuition)
4 subtopics
5
Account types and normal balances
6
Contra accounts (accumulated depreciation, allowance, etc.)
7
Debit/credit practice drills (read a transaction → write the entry)
8
Common debit/credit pitfalls (bank accounts, revenue, expenses, equity)
9
Source documents and audit trail
10
Accrual basis vs cash basis (and why double-entry still applies)
Chapter 2
Accounts and chart of accounts design
↗ Account types and normal balances (see Chapter 1)
11
Designing a chart of accounts for a business
12
Account numbering and naming conventions
13
Control accounts and subledgers
3 subtopics
14
Accounts receivable subledger (customers, invoices, collections)
15
Accounts payable subledger (vendors, bills, payments)
16
Registers (inventory and fixed assets) as subsidiary records
Chapter 3
Recording transactions (journals → ledger → trial balance)
17
Journal entries (general journal)
6 subtopics
18
Sales and cash receipts entries (revenue, AR, deposits, refunds)
19
Purchases and cash payments entries (expenses, AP, card payments)
20
Payroll entries basics (wages, withholdings, employer taxes)
21
Owner equity transactions (contributions, draws/dividends)
22
Documenting entries (date, memo, reference, attachment discipline)
23
Regular vs adjusting entries (how to tell them apart in practice)
24
Posting to the general ledger
3 subtopics
25
T-accounts and ledger formats
26
Posting rules and running balances
27
Posting with subledgers (keeping control accounts aligned)
28
Trial balance (what it proves and what it doesn’t)
3 subtopics
29
Unadjusted vs adjusted trial balance
30
Finding out-of-balance issues (locating and debugging errors)
31
Using the trial balance to draft financial statements
32
Special journals and posting totals
3 subtopics
33
Sales journal and cash receipts journal (when and why to use)
34
Purchases journal and cash payments journal (when and why to use)
35
Posting journal totals and maintaining controlling accounts
Chapter 4
Adjusting, closing, and reversing entries
36
Adjusting entries (end-of-period corrections)
4 subtopics
37
Accrued revenues and accrued expenses (accruals)
38
Deferred revenue and deferred expense (deferrals/prepaids)
39
Allowance for doubtful accounts (bad debt basics)
↗ Regular vs adjusting entries (how to tell them apart in practice) (see Chapter 3)
40
Depreciation and amortization (core journal entries)
3 subtopics
41
Straight-line depreciation journal entry (worked example)
42
Useful life, salvage value, and expense allocation intuition
43
Amortization entry basics (intangibles/prepaids)
44
Closing entries (resetting temporary accounts)
3 subtopics
45
Closing revenue and expense accounts to retained earnings
46
Closing dividends/drawings (owner distributions)
47
Post-closing trial balance (what should remain)
48
Reversing entries (when they help vs when they confuse)
Chapter 5
Financial statements built from double-entry records
49
Income statement (P&L)
3 subtopics
50
Revenue and expense classification (operating vs non-operating)
51
COGS and gross profit basics (high-level inventory flow)
52
Simple margin and ratio analysis from the P&L
53
Balance sheet (statement of financial position)
3 subtopics
54
Current vs noncurrent classification (and why it matters)
55
Equity section structure (capital, retained earnings, draws/dividends)
56
Common balance sheet ratios (current ratio, debt-to-equity)
57
Statement of cash flows (basic structure)
3 subtopics
58
Indirect cash flow method walkthrough (net income → operating cash)
59
Investing vs financing cash flows (common examples)
60
Tying cash flows to ending cash (reconciliation check)
61
Statement of changes in equity / retained earnings rollforward
62
Notes and disclosures (small-business level)
Chapter 6
Controls, reconciliations, and error correction
63
Bank reconciliation (cash control cornerstone)
3 subtopics
64
Reconciling items: outstanding checks and deposits in transit
65
Bank fees/interest and related adjusting entries
66
Reconciling manually vs in software (matching strategy)
67
Error detection and correction (without breaking the audit trail)
3 subtopics
68
Common error types (omission, duplication, misposting, wrong account)
69
Correcting entries and preserving the audit trail
70
Suspense and clearing accounts (safe use cases)
71
Internal controls for bookkeeping
3 subtopics
72
Segregation of duties (even in a small team)
73
Approvals and supporting documentation standards
74
Fraud red flags (what to watch for in the ledger)
75
Period close and cutoffs (timing discipline)
Chapter 7
Practical implementation and workflows
76
Month-end close workflow
3 subtopics
77
Close checklist and close calendar (repeatable cadence)
78
Reconciliation pack (what to reconcile and how to evidence it)
79
Management review: variance checks and reasonableness tests
80
Bookkeeping in spreadsheets (double-entry without software)
3 subtopics
81
Building a journal/ledger/trial-balance template
82
Spreadsheet controls (data validation, permissions, change tracking)
83
Pivot tables and summaries for basic reporting
84
Accounting software setup and operations
4 subtopics
85
Opening balances and migration (bringing prior records in)
86
Bank feeds, rules, and categorization (automation with safeguards)
87
AR/AP workflows (invoices, bills, payments, aging reports)
88
Locking periods and audit logs (preventing retroactive changes)
89
Working with an accountant (month-end/year-end collaboration)
3 subtopics
90
Year-end package for your accountant (what to provide)
91
Communicating adjustments: questions, support, and sign-off
92
Maintaining documentation for audit/tax (policies and retention)

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