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Angina
62 topics across 7 chapters
Chapter 1
Core Concepts & Terminology
1
Myocardial ischemia: oxygen supply vs demand
2
Angina types and definitions (stable, unstable, vasospastic, microvascular)
3
Typical symptoms, anginal equivalents, and common triggers
Chapter 2
Coronary Physiology & Pathophysiology
4
Atherosclerotic plaque and fixed coronary stenosis
5
Coronary vasospasm and endothelial dysfunction
6
Microvascular dysfunction mechanisms
7
Supply–demand mismatch causes (e.g., anemia, tachycardia, hypertension)
Chapter 3
Clinical Syndromes & Differential Diagnosis
8
Stable angina: clinical picture and pattern recognition
9
Unstable angina and the acute coronary syndrome spectrum
10
Vasospastic (Prinzmetal) angina: hallmark features and triggers
11
Microvascular angina: hallmark features and comorbidities
12
Non-cardiac chest pain differential (GI, pulmonary, musculoskeletal, anxiety)
13
Atypical and high-risk presentations (women, elderly, diabetes, CKD)
Chapter 4
Diagnostic Approach
14
Focused history & physical exam + pretest probability concepts
15
ECG for ischemia and acute coronary syndromes
16
Troponin/biomarkers: what they mean and timing basics
17
Stress testing modalities (noninvasive functional testing)
5 subtopics
18
Exercise treadmill test (ETT): indications and interpretation basics
19
Stress echocardiography: what it detects and common limitations
20
Nuclear myocardial perfusion imaging (SPECT/PET): interpretation basics
21
Stress cardiac MRI perfusion: when it’s used and what it shows
22
Pharmacologic stress agents (adenosine/regadenoson/dobutamine): basics
23
Coronary CT angiography (CCTA): indications, strengths, and pitfalls
24
Invasive coronary angiography + physiologic assessment (FFR/iFR) basics
Chapter 5
Treatment & Management
25
Nitroglycerin for symptom relief: use, timing, and safety
26
Chronic antianginal medications (how they work and when to use them)
6 subtopics
27
Beta-blockers in stable angina: benefits and cautions
28
Calcium channel blockers: dihydropyridine vs non-dihydropyridine use cases
29
Long-acting nitrates: dosing concepts and nitrate tolerance
30
Ranolazine: role, benefits, and QT-related cautions
31
Ivabradine and other second-line options (availability-dependent): concepts
32
Drug interactions and contraindications (e.g., nitrates + PDE-5 inhibitors)
33
Antiplatelet and anticoagulation basics by syndrome (stable vs ACS)
34
Revascularization: PCI vs CABG (who benefits and why)
35
Cardiac rehabilitation and exercise prescription after angina/CAD
36
Syndrome-specific therapy: vasospastic and microvascular angina
37
Monitoring, follow-up, and when to escalate evaluation/treatment
Chapter 6
Secondary Prevention & Risk Reduction
38
Modifiable risk factors and lifestyle targets
6 subtopics
39
Heart-healthy diet patterns (Mediterranean/DASH) and sodium basics
40
Physical activity targets and METs: practical planning basics
41
Weight, waist circumference, and obesity treatment: high-level concepts
42
Alcohol, stimulants, and cocaine-associated ischemia: overview and risks
43
Stress, sleep, and psychosocial factors that affect angina and adherence
44
Vaccines and infection risk considerations in patients with CAD (concepts)
45
Lipid management in CAD (statins and add-on therapies: concepts)
46
Blood pressure goals and antihypertensives in patients with CAD
47
Diabetes and ASCVD risk reduction (SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 RAs): concepts
48
Smoking cessation and substance considerations (including stimulants)
↗ Cardiac rehabilitation and exercise prescription after angina/CAD (see Chapter 5)
49
Long-term patient education: action plan, warning signs, and adherence
Chapter 7
Acute Chest Pain & Red Flags (When Angina Is an Emergency)
50
Recognizing STEMI/NSTEMI/unstable angina: time-sensitive patterns
51
Urgent evaluation pathway: triage, monitoring, labs, and imaging basics
↗ ECG for ischemia and acute coronary syndromes (see Chapter 4)
52
Life-threatening mimics of angina (aortic dissection, PE, pneumothorax)
53
Prehospital actions and when to call 911 (including aspirin concepts)
54
Early complications to watch for (arrhythmias, heart failure, shock)

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